2009年6月19日金曜日

青空文庫を検索しよう【やぶさか】

 青空文庫とは、日本語の作品で著作権フリーになったものを集めたサイトです。これを用例データベースとして使い、ボキャビルをしてみましょう。

【今回の強化表現:やぶさか】

 「物惜しみするさま、けちなさま」「思い切りの悪いさま」「(「~にやぶさかでない」の形で)~する努力を惜しまない、快く~する」という意味です。では用例を見てみましょう。

今度改めて単行本として完成された「囚われた大地」を読み、私は作者の努力をやぶさかならず買うと同時に、種々の感想にうたれた。
(作家への課題――「囚われた大地」について―― 宮本百合子)

われは是等の論者が利を算するの速なるを喜び、真理を認むるの確なるを謝するに吝(やぶさか)ならざらんと欲す、
(人生に相渉るとは何の謂ぞ 北村透谷)

予は訣別に際して、明子に語るに予が愛を以てせんとせしも、厳粛なる予等が家庭は、斯(かか)る機会を与ふるに吝(やぶさか)なりしと共に、儒教主義の教育を受けたる予も、亦桑間濮上(さうかんぼくじやう)の譏(そしり)を惧(おそ)れたるを以て、無限の離愁を抱きつつ、孤笈飄然(こきふへうぜん)として英京に去れり。
(開化の殺人 芥川龍之介)

民衆も天才を認めることに吝(やぶさ)かであるとは信じ難い。しかしその認めかたは常に頗(すこぶ)る滑稽(こっけい)である。
(侏儒の言葉 芥川龍之介)

鼻は本来自動的には極めて単純な表現力しか持たない……本来無表情と見られても差し支えない事を鼻自身も直(ただち)に肯定するに吝(やぶさか)なるものでないと信じられるのであります。
(鼻の表現 夢野久作)

余は以上の如く根本において文芸院の設置に反対を唱うるものであるが、もし保護金の使用法について、幸いにも文芸委員がこの公平なる手段を講ずるならば、その局部に対しては大(おおい)に賛成の意を表するに吝(やぶさ)かならざるつもりである。
(文芸委員は何をするか 夏目漱石)

されば「稗蒔や、ひえまァき――」の声耳に達するや、かれらの憧憬はその愛らしき別乾坤に馳せて、或は数銭、或は数十銭の所得を減ずるに吝(やぶさ)かならぬのである。
(残されたる江戸 柴田流星)


 漢字では「吝か」と書きます。あとに打ち消しの語を伴った使い方が多いですね。

小説でボキャビル~Botchan 56~

 小説を読みながら、語彙を増やしましょう。
 夏目漱石の小説『坊っちゃん』の原文と毛利八十太郎が英訳した “Botchan (Master Darling)” を併せて見ていきます。
 
【あらすじ】
 一時間目の授業を終えて控所に戻った主人公は、遅刻してきた山嵐に氷水の代金を返そうとしますが、素直に受け取らない山嵐の態度に腹を立てます。
 
●----------------------------------------------------------
"Don't you mistake," I said to myself, "I'm a man to the marrow, and haven't the idea of breaking my own promises; mark that!"

Meanwhile the occupants of the desks on both my sides came to the room, and Red Shirt hastily withdrew to his own desk. Red Shirt shows some air even in his walk. In stepping about the room, he places down his shoes so as to make no sound. For the first time I came to know that making no sound in one's walk was something satisfactory to one's vanity. He was not training himself for a burglar, I suppose. He should cut out such nonsense before it gets worse. Then the bugle for the opening of classes was heard. Porcupine did not appear after all. There was no other way but to leave the coins upon the desk and attend the class.

When I returned to the room a little late after the first hour class, all the teachers were there at their desks, and Porcupine too was there. The moment Porcupine saw my face, he said that he was late on my account, and I should pay him a fine. I took out that one sen and a half, and saying it was the price of the ice water, shoved it on his desk and told him to take it. "Don't josh me," he said, and began laughing, but as I appeared unusually serious, he swept the coins back to my desk, and flung back, "Quit fooling." So he really meant to treat me, eh?

"No fooling; I mean it," I said. "I have no reason to accept your treat, and that's why I pay you back. Why don't you take it?"

"If you're so worried about that one sen and a half, I will take it, but why do you pay it at this time so suddenly?"

"This time or any time, I want to pay it back. I pay it back because I don't like you treat me."

Porcupine coldly gazed at me and ejaculated "H'm." If I had not been requested by Red Shirt, here was the chance to show up his cowardice and make it hot for him. But since I had promised not to reveal the secret, I could do nothing. What the deuce did he mean by "H'm" when I was red with anger.

to the marrow 骨の髄まで、生粋の
cut out やめる
josh からかう、ひやかす
make it hot for (弱みにつけこんで)こっぴどくやっつける
what the deuce いったい何だ
 
 夏目漱石による原文はこちら
 
*** 慣用句を覚えよう ***

Belly(腹部)

The eye is bigger than the belly.
(諺)目は胃袋より大きい(満腹してもまだ食べたがるもの)

A growing youth has a wolf in his belly.
(諺)育ち盛りのおなかには狼がいる(いくら食べても食べ足りない)

The belly has no ears.
(諺)衣食足りて礼節を知る

have a belly
腹が出ている

air one's belly
吐く、もどす

go belly up
(魚が腹を上にするようにして)死ぬ、倒産(破産)する、だめになる

better than the belly with a wet fish [lettuce]
ないよりはずっとまし

have fire in one's belly
霊感をうけている

 
【参考】
青空文庫

2009年6月5日金曜日

青空文庫を検索しよう【いじらしい】

 青空文庫とは、日本語の作品で著作権フリーになったものを集めたサイトです。これを用例データベースとして使い、ボキャビルをしてみましょう。

【今回の強化表現:いじらしい】

 「(か弱い者の懸命な様子が)痛々しくかわいそうだ」「可憐(かれん)である」という意味です。では用例を見てみましょう。

純真ということを、大人の一生懸命さにひきつけて意味づけたり、無心さを、いじらしさと溶けあわさせたりして、大人の感傷に作家が我知らずこびるとき、子供の世界の最も生粋な陽なたくさくて、心持のいい颯爽(さっそう)さは消えて、そこに子役が登場して来る。
(子供の世界 宮本百合子)

「御可哀そうな事です」と云ったきりで涙を流して居る。外の女達も人にかくして思いなやんで居る心根をいじらしがって化粧のはげるのも忘れて居た。
(錦木 宮本百合子)

娘はしおしおと私に訴える眼つきをした。私は堪(たま)らなく娘がいじらしくなった。
(河明り 岡本かの子)

全く無経験無知識な身の投げ方をしている――心中にそうたびたび経験や知識があってはたまらないけれども、それにしても幼稚極まる身の投げ方をしていたことが、見る人をいじらしがらせた。
(大菩薩峠 京の夢おう坂の夢の巻 中里介山)

身体が、がたがた顫えて、瞳孔が大きく据ってしまって、いじらしい程、恐怖の怯えを眼にたたえながら、侍女へ抱きついて、顔を、その懐へ差込んだ。
(南国太平記 直木三十五)

どこへ廻っても、誤り虐(しいた)げられて来たような自分が、可憐(いじらし)くて情(なさけ)なかった。
(あらくれ 徳田秋声)

ああ、病気に、あわれ、耳も、声も、江戸の張(はり)さえ抜けた状(さま)は、糊(のり)を売るよりいじらしい
(吉原新話 泉鏡花)


 ただかわいいだけでなく、かわいそうという気持ちが含まれることが多いのですね。よく使われる言葉のように思いましたが、青空文庫には意外と用例が少なかったです。

小説でボキャビル~Botchan 55~

 小説を読みながら、語彙を増やしましょう。
 夏目漱石の小説『坊っちゃん』の原文と毛利八十太郎が英訳した "Botchan (Master Darling)" を併せて見ていきます。
 
【あらすじ】
 氷水の代金を返そうと山嵐を待ち構えている主人公は、赤シャツ(教頭)から前日の山嵐についての陰口を口止めされ、どうか騒動を起こさないようにと頼まれます。
 
●----------------------------------------------------------
I had been thinking of paying that one sen and a half as soon as I entered the room, and had brought the coppers to the school grasped in my hand. My hands get easily sweaty, and when I opened my hand, I found them wet. Thinking that Porcupine might say something if wet coins were given him, I placed them upon my desk, and cooled them by blowing in them. Then Red Shirt came to me and said he was sorry to detain me yesterday, thought I have been annoyed. I told him I was not annoyed at all, only I was hungry. Thereupon Red Shirt put his elbows upon the desk, brought his sauce-pan-like face close to my nose, and said; "Say, keep dark what I told you yesterday in the boat. You haven't told it anybody, have you?" He seems quite a nervous fellow as becoming one who talks in a feminish voice. It was certain that I had not told it to anybody, but as I was in the mood to tell it and had already one sen and a half in my hand, I would be a little rattled if a gag was put on me. To the devil with Red Shirt! Although he had not mentioned the name "Porcupine," he had given me such pointers as to put me wise as to who the objective was, and now he requested me not to blow the gaff!--it was an irresponsibility least to be expected from a head teacher. In the ordinary run of things, he should step into the thick of the fight between Porcupine and me, and side with me with all his colors flying. By so doing, he might be worthy the position of the head teacher, and vindicate the principle of wearing red shirts.

I told the head teacher that I had not divulged the secret to anybody but was going to fight it out with Porcupine. Red Shirt was greatly perturbed, and stuttered out; "Say, don't do anything so rash as that. I don't remember having stated anything plainly to you about Mr. Hotta....... if you start a scrimmage here, I'll be greatly embarrassed." And he asked the strangely outlandish question if I had come to the school to start trouble? Of course not, I said, the school would not stand for my making trouble and pay me salary for it. Red Shirt then, perspiring, begged me to keep the secret as mere reference and never mention it. "All right, then," I assured him, "this robs me shy, but since you're so afraid of it, I'll keep it all to myself." "Are you sure?" repeated Red Shirt. There was no limit to his womanishness. If Red Shirt was typical of Bachelors of Arts, I did not see much in them. He appeared composed after having requested me to do something self-contradictory and wanting logic, and on top of that suspects my sincerity.

keep dark (事を)秘しておく
gag 口止め
blow the gaff 密告する、秘密をばらす
thick of the fight 争いの真ん中
with frying colors 見事に、立派に、堂々と
vindicate 正当化する
be perturbed 動揺した、狼狽した
stutter 口ごもる、どもりながら言う
scrimmage 乱闘、小競り合い
outlandish 奇怪な、異様な
self-contradictory 自己矛盾の
 
 夏目漱石による原文はこちら
 
*** 慣用句を覚えよう ***

Breast/Chest(胸部)

beat one's breast [chest]
(胸を打って)怒る(悲しむ)、得意そうに弁じたてる

make a clean breast of it [the whole thing]
すっかり白状する(打ち明ける)

past the breast
乳離れして

get ... off one's chest
(問題・悩みを)打ち明けて胸のつかえ(心の重荷)を下ろす

have ... on one's chest
…が気にかかる

play [keep, hold] one's cards close to one's [the] chest
隠し立てする、自分の手の内を明かさない

puff one's chest out
胸を張る

chest thumping
(胸をたたく)大見え、大言壮語

 
【参考】
青空文庫